ADHD in children: treatment
ADHD therapy is based on several pillars that complement each other. An important role is played by education, the involvement of the family and the social environment (schools, kindergartens). One of the most important therapeutic measures is precisely the thorough instruction of parents and others who take care of children with ADHD.
Kindergarten and preschool age
A number of measures make everyday life easier for young and preschool children:
- clearly formulated information and rules,
- a well-planned routine of the day,
- prevention of overcrowding,
- plans for what to do in case of problem behavior.
Using ergotherapy (or also ergotherapy riding or climbing), motopedagogy and group games, the child’s motor , sensory and social skills are improved and his self-confidence is strengthened.
Psychotherapy and medication
Psychotherapeutic measures at this age include educational counseling for parents and play therapy . There are currently no medicines approved in the Czech Republic for children 6 years of age and younger.
School age
After starting school, children with ADHD (and their surroundings) face great challenges. They should sit quietly, listen carefully and remember a lot of new things. However, their self-control and self-control are not developed in proportion to their age. Children perceive all the information, but only for a short time, it is difficult for them to switch between two different tasks. Having clear instructions, such as when, where, and how to do homework, can strengthen self-regulation in schoolchildren with ADHD.
There are specific recommendations for educators to guide and support these children. As with toddlers and preschoolers, clearly formulated information and rules, a well-planned daily routine, avoidance of overexertion, and repeated appropriate praise help children diagnosed with ADHD.
Multifaceted treatment options
ADHD therapy at school age consists of the following measures:
- psychotherapy,
- psychotropic drugs ,
- movement (sport, etc.),
- counseling for parents.
Specific clinical-psychological treatment techniques are also used. In most cases, treatment takes place on an outpatient basis. In the case of a severe course or other concomitant diseases, hospitalization in a hospital or partial hospitalization (partly in a hospital, partly in a social environment) may be necessary .
Psychotherapeutic approaches
In the psychotherapeutic treatment of school children with ADHD, behavioral therapy methods are at the forefront . The school and social environment are involved in the therapy. Training for parents and other loved ones and further special education for teaching staff strengthen the understanding of ADHD and help them manage everyday life better together.
Psychoeducation promotes understanding of this disorder. Exercises aimed at improving concentration, as well as self-management and social competence, step-by-step game therapy help to manage the situation better. Group therapy is also possible, where children and adolescents can interact and learn from each other. One important point is to control ADHD and not let it overwhelm you.
Judicious use of medication
Medical treatment with various active substances is possible from the age of six . On the one hand, there are stimulants (active substance methylphenidate or amphetamine ), on the other hand, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (active substance atomoxetine ). Both groups of drugs interfere with the metabolism of neurotransmitters and enable their better regulation. During drug treatment, regular check-ups with a doctor are necessary. Medication should be used judiciously and only when absolutely necessary.
Note: Your doctor or pharmacist will inform you about the risks, side effects and contraindications .
Unsaturated fatty acids are used as food supplements , which can have positive effects on the brain and nerves .
Who can I contact?
If you suspect that your child suffers from ADHD, contact a child psychiatrist or a child doctor specializing in psychosomatics or one of the specialized ADHD clinics. Here the necessary examinations will take place and the most suitable therapy will be prescribed.
